n IMAGING OF CEPHALGIA
n Dr. Patricia Jorizal, SpRad
n Radiology Department
n Siloam Hospitals Kebon Jeruk
n Cephalgia ?
n Pain in the head that located above the eyes or the ears, behind the head or in the back of the upper neck.
n Type :
1. Primary (migraine, tension, cluster)
2. Secondary (tumors, stroke, meningitis, etc)
n Causes ?
n Primary : not associated with (caused by) other disease
v Migraine à vasodilatation & release of chemicals from nerve fibers around blood vessels.
v Tension excess stress/hectic day.
v Cluster no clear cause, precipitate by alcohol & cigarettes.
n Causes ?
n Secondary : caused by associated disease
v Tumor or metastasis in the brain
v Subdural hematoma à ruptured veins after trauma ; elderly
v Epidural hematoma ruptured arteries as the results of skull fractures
v Infections meningitis, tuberculosis
v Strokes
v Subarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysm
v Sinusitis
v Sudden onset of severe high blood pressure
n Radiology Imaging
n Conventional X-ray
n Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
n Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
n Waters
n DSCT (Dual Source CT)
n CT Contrast Agents
n Intravenous contrast à iodinated
Differentiate blood vessels vs. vascular internal organs
What is MRI?
n MRI is short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRA [Magnetic Resonance Angiography] is also a kind of MRI.
n MRI is an advanced technology that lets the doctor see internal organs, blood vessels, muscles, joints, tumors, areas of infection, and more -- without x-rays, surgery, or pain. MRI is very safe, no known harmful effects. It's important to know that MRI will not expose to any radiation.
n How should patient get ready for the exam?
n No special preparation is needed.
n However, there may be some circumstances in which you'll be given specific instructions to follow before the exam à fasting 4 hours for abdominal examination
Make a appointment 1 day before the exam …
n Disadvantages
* Slow scan acquisition produce an artifacts due to biological motion i.e. cardiac, vascular respiratory excursion, etc
* Patient experience claustrophobia due to small bore of the magnet
* Strong static magnetic field interferes the proper function of the usual life-support equipment
n Restrictions for the exam ?
n A pacemaker
n Aneurysm clips
n Cochlear implants
n A neuro-stimulator (Tens-unit)
n Metal implants
n Steel surgical staples or clips
n An implanted drug infusion device
n Any implant made partially or wholly of iron or steel
n Coins
n Jewelry
n Watches
n Keys
n Dentures or partial plates
n Hearing aids
à Metal objects made of iron or steel can interfere with the exam
à Magnetic waves can also erase the code on bank cards and credit cards
n How long does the scan take?
n The exam can last from 30 minutes to usually no more than an hour.
n Dr. Patricia Jorizal, SpRad
n Radiology Department
n Siloam Hospitals Kebon Jeruk
n Cephalgia ?
n Pain in the head that located above the eyes or the ears, behind the head or in the back of the upper neck.
n Type :
1. Primary (migraine, tension, cluster)
2. Secondary (tumors, stroke, meningitis, etc)
n Causes ?
n Primary : not associated with (caused by) other disease
v Migraine à vasodilatation & release of chemicals from nerve fibers around blood vessels.
v Tension excess stress/hectic day.
v Cluster no clear cause, precipitate by alcohol & cigarettes.
n Causes ?
n Secondary : caused by associated disease
v Tumor or metastasis in the brain
v Subdural hematoma à ruptured veins after trauma ; elderly
v Epidural hematoma ruptured arteries as the results of skull fractures
v Infections meningitis, tuberculosis
v Strokes
v Subarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysm
v Sinusitis
v Sudden onset of severe high blood pressure
n Radiology Imaging
n Conventional X-ray
n Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
n Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
n Waters
n DSCT (Dual Source CT)
n CT Contrast Agents
n Intravenous contrast à iodinated
Differentiate blood vessels vs. vascular internal organs
What is MRI?
n MRI is short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRA [Magnetic Resonance Angiography] is also a kind of MRI.
n MRI is an advanced technology that lets the doctor see internal organs, blood vessels, muscles, joints, tumors, areas of infection, and more -- without x-rays, surgery, or pain. MRI is very safe, no known harmful effects. It's important to know that MRI will not expose to any radiation.
n How should patient get ready for the exam?
n No special preparation is needed.
n However, there may be some circumstances in which you'll be given specific instructions to follow before the exam à fasting 4 hours for abdominal examination
Make a appointment 1 day before the exam …
n Disadvantages
* Slow scan acquisition produce an artifacts due to biological motion i.e. cardiac, vascular respiratory excursion, etc
* Patient experience claustrophobia due to small bore of the magnet
* Strong static magnetic field interferes the proper function of the usual life-support equipment
n Restrictions for the exam ?
n A pacemaker
n Aneurysm clips
n Cochlear implants
n A neuro-stimulator (Tens-unit)
n Metal implants
n Steel surgical staples or clips
n An implanted drug infusion device
n Any implant made partially or wholly of iron or steel
n Coins
n Jewelry
n Watches
n Keys
n Dentures or partial plates
n Hearing aids
à Metal objects made of iron or steel can interfere with the exam
à Magnetic waves can also erase the code on bank cards and credit cards
n How long does the scan take?
n The exam can last from 30 minutes to usually no more than an hour.
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